Search results were checked for duplications. Therefore, body image is considered to be an essential factor of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in cancer patients [6, 7]. J Psychosom Res 70:395–402. 8. In total, 980 non-duplicate abstracts were screened, of which 208 abstracts concerned the BIS. A total sample of 100 women who had undergone radical surgery for breast (n = 50) or gynaecological cancer (n = 50) completed the scale. The BIS is a 10-item self-report measure that assesses affective (e.g., feeling self-conscious of the body), behavioural (e.g., difficulty at looking at the naked Moreover, no guideline was used to interpret results, and the methodological quality of the extracted studies was not assessed. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-009-0851-7, Article The study populations were breast cancer patients [14, 17, 33], colorectal cancer patients [19], patients with an ostomy (included because 82% of the population were cancer patients) [32], or a mixed cancer population (including breast, gynecological, gastro-intestinal, genitourinary, head and neck, hematologic, and respiratory cancer) [18, 31]. J Clin Epidemiol 60:34–42. No a priori hypotheses were formulated in four studies [15, 17, 18, 33], and in those cases, we assumed the hypothesis would be that BIS scores are higher (worse) (1) in patients who were treated with a mastectomy compared to patients treated with BCS [34] or breast reconstruction [35], (2) in younger patients compared to older patients [36], (3) in patients with a longer time since treatment [37], and (4) in patients with a stoma vs. without a stoma [38]. In total, we included nine studies that investigated measurement properties of the BIS in cancer patients (see Fig. The one study that found a correlation < 0.70 had a large time interval (6 months) between the two measurements and was therefore judged as having a poor methodological quality. Breast Cancer Res Treat 131:957–967. However, one fair quality study and subgroup analyses in two good quality studies showed a two-factor structure [14, 16, 33]. PubMed Google Scholar. These results were qualitatively summarized to obtain an overall rating of the measurement property across all included studies: sufficient (+), insufficient (−), “inconsistent” (±) or indeterminate (?). Measurement error was not reported in any of the included studies, but the SDC could be calculated in three studies. Eur J Cancer 37(2):189–197, CAS Based on these findings, hypothesis testing for construct validity was rated as inconsistent (±) because although three studies showed sufficient evidence (> 75% of the hypotheses on known-groups and/or convergent validity confirmed) [14, 15, 31], this was contradicted by four studies showing insufficient evidence [16, 17, 19, 33]. Dis Colon Rectum 44(12):1800–1807, Aguilar Cordero MJ, Neri Sánchez M, Mur Villar N, Gómez Valverde E (2013) Influence of the social context on the body image perception of women undergoing breast cancer surgery. The 10-item Body Image Scale was developed by Hopwood et al. A search in Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science was performed to identify studies that investigated measurement properties of the BIS (Prospero ID 42017057237). Moreover, studies reported inconsistent results in comparison with the same instrument (ASI-R and RSES) [17, 18, 33]. Google Scholar, Rumsey N, Harcourt D (2004) Body image and disfigurement: issues and interventions. Google Scholar, Gómez-Campelo P, Bragado-Álvarez C, Hernández-Lloreda MJ (2014) Psychological distress in women with breast and gynecological cancertreated with radical surgery. Further research including a wider variety of cancer patients and treatment modalities is recommended. in 2001 to measure affective, behavioral, and cognitive body image symptoms. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.53.5948, Cash TF, Melnyk SE, Hrabosky JI (2004) The assessment of body image investment: an extensive revision of the appearance schemas inventory. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(00)00353-1, CAS Disagreements were discussed until consensus was reached. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12753, Duman-Lubberding S, van Uden-Kraan CF, Jansen F, Witte BI, van der Velden LA, Lacko M, Cuijpers P, Leemans CR, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM (2016) Feasibility of an eHealth application “OncoKompas” to improve personalized survivorship cancer care. Comparison of patients’ ratings, observers’ ratings and objective assessments. Evidence was sufficient for structural validity (one factor solution), internal consistency (α = 0.86–0.96), and reliability (r > 0.70); indeterminate for measurement error (information on minimal important change lacked) and responsiveness (increasing body image disturbance in only one study); and inconsistent for hypothesis testing (conflicting results). 9. Head Neck 32(3):301–309, PubMed Central No studies reported on cross-cultural validity. Various generic scales have been used for measuring body image in women with breast cancer, while specific ... BIS by Hopwood, Fletcher, Lee and Al Ghazal (2001), and among the non-specific scales, the MBA by Carver et al., (1998). J Clin Nurs 24:1367–1379. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a Spanish version of the Body Image Scale. Hopwood et al. 3. New validation studies with a good methodological quality can further optimize evidence regarding the measurement properties of the BIS. Evidence was categorized into sufficient, insufficient, inconsistent, or indeterminate. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.960. Of the remaining 47 studies, 37 were excluded after full-text screening and one was excluded during data extraction. Lastly, the assessment of quality ratings was performed by one rater. difficulty at looking at the naked body) and cognitive (e.g. One study had a poor quality [18] because no a priori hypotheses were formulated. One good quality study [19] showed moderate correlation (r = 0.40 to 0.60) with a related construct but failed to confirm their hypotheses on three other constructs, indicating insufficient convergent validity. ¿Se ha sentido insatisfecha(o) con el aspecto de su cicatriz. Eur J Cancer 37(2):189–197, 2001) and to analyze its psychometric properties in a sample of women with breast or gynaecological cancer. A higher score means a higher level of body image disturbance [14]. Immediate online access to all issues from 2019. Google Scholar, Helms RL, O’Hea EL, Corso M (2008) Body image issues in women with breast cancer. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. volume 26, pages1715–1726(2018)Cite this article. Por favor, lea cuidadosamente cada ítem y marque la respuesta que mejor se ajuste a cómo se ha sentido durante la pasada semana. Martínez Roca, Barcelona, Beck AT, Steer RA, Garbin MG (1988) Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Psychooncology 22:756–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.09.003, Terwee CB, Prinsen CA, Chiarotto A, Westerman MJ, de Vet HC, Patrick D, Alonso J, Bouter LM, Mokkink LB (2016) Consensus-based standards and criteria for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures: a COSMIN Delphi study. The sexual disfunction and sexual satisfaction were measured by a simple question. Body image is a multi-dimensional construct and comprises cognitive, behavioral, and affective aspects of appearance [1]. This search did not yield any relevant results for the BIS. If you wish to order and print the BISS and the Scoring Instructions, and you agree to the above terms, CLICK the following link and provide the necessary information as requested. (STAI), The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), 10-item Body Image Scale (BIS). The poor quality study did not formulate a hypothesis a priori [18]. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing the body image scale with the Cash Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire. This rating was then checked by a second independent rater, and discussed until consensus was reached. An overall summary of the results for every measurement property of the BIS is shown in Table 5. Breast 16(3):241–251, Fingeret MC, Vidrine DJ, Reece GP, Gillenwater AM, Gritz ER (2010) Multidimensional analysis of body image concerns among newly diagnosed patients with oral cavity cancer. In 2004, a new journal, BodyImage:AnInter-national Journal of Research, was launched by Elsevier to provide a forum for publishing papers in this area. In the present review study, we did not evaluate content validity because no protocol existed to evaluate this measurement property. PubMed First, we rated the methodological quality of the included studies, based on the COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties [28]. Se evaluaron 6 áreas, que fueron el grado de satisfacción consigo misma y con los demás, vestida y desnuda, la pérdida de su feminidad, los sentimientos sobre su atractivo sexual, la pérdida de su integridad cor- Interpretation of measurement error is only possible if a SDC score is compared with data on minimal important change (MIC), but this was not reported. Each study was rated by a single rater (HM), whose ratings were checked by a second independent rater (KN). For this reason, and due to the lack of clearly stated a priori hypotheses, quality of evidence of construct validity was graded as low. None of the studies presented results on cross-cultural validity or criterion validity. The aim of this study is to develop a Spanish version of the Body Image Scale (Hopwood et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1740-1445(03)00005-6, Falk Dahl CA, Reinertsen KV, Nesvold IL, Nesvold IL, Fosså SD, Dahl AA (2010) A study of body image in long-term breast cancer survivors. Cancer 116:3549–3557. The field of body image was … Body image The body image scale [BIS] (Hopwood et al., 2001) is a 10 item measure developed to briefly and comprehensively assess affective (e.g. PubMed Central Although none of the studies reported on measurement error, this could be calculated for three studies. Melissant, H.C., Neijenhuijs, K.I., Jansen, F. et al. Psychiatry Investig 10:26–33. There were indications that consciousness of appearance (DAS24) and shame (ESS) are related with body image, with moderate to high correlations [17]. Instruments originated in Europe and the United States, with the psychometric properties of validity and reliability were found.The Body Image Scale of Hopwood and module QLQ BR 23 of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer were reported in … None of the studies reported on criterion validity and cross-cultural validity. With respect to convergent validity, correlations with other body image scales were inconsistent. Versión original: P. Hopwood, I. Fletcher, A. Lee and S. Al Ghazal (2001), Versión española (S-BIS): P. Gómez-Campelo y C. Bragado-Álvarez (2007). Beyond body image as a trait: The development and validation of the Body Image States Scale. Body Image 1:83–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-014-2383-0, Karayurt Ö, Edeer AD, Süler G, Dorum H, Harputlu D, Vural F, Üҫer C (2015) Psychometric properties of the Body Image Scale in Turkish ostomy patients. The 2017 search update resulted in 16 extra abstracts on the BIS. When only taking into account good and fair quality studies, the smallest change in score that can be detected, that is not due to measurement error, ranges between 4.7–9.1 [15, 32], on a total range of 0–30 of the BIS. J Clin Epidemiol 63:737–745. J Cancer Surviv 9:339–348. Google Scholar, Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Stratford PW, Knol DL, Bouter LM, de Vet HC (2010) The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study. Two studies of good [15] and fair quality (n = 40) [32] had an SDC of 4.7 (SEM = 1.7) and 9.1 (SEM = 3.3), respectively. Validation studies of other PROMs that reported original data on the BIS (as comparison instrument) were also included. Body image assessment in studies comparing mastectomy (MXT) and breast conserving (BC) surgery Authors Patient Time of assessment Body image Psychometric data sample assessment used for body image scale Ashcroft et al. The precise filter was a pragmatic choice because a sensitive filter would provide too many hits to feasibly screen since the overall search encompassed 39 PROMs (Prospero ID 42017057237) [22]. The COSMIN methodology is based on taxonomy and definitions of measurement properties for PROMs [21] including content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, cross-cultural validity, reliability, measurement error, criterion validity, hypotheses testing for construct validity, and responsiveness. Patients with cancer are often faced with invasive treatments, with a temporal or permanent impact on appearance. (2017) presented a review of PROMs measuring body image in cancer patients, including the BIS, and concluded that the measurement properties of these PROMs require more thorough investigation [20]. Ann Oncol 14(7):1064–1071. This systematic review evaluated the measurement properties of the BIS among nine studies identified in a literature search up to July 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0907-1, Anagnostopoulos F, Myrgianni S (2009) Body image of Greek breast cancer patients treated with mastectomy or breast conserving surgery. Correspondence to 4. Oncol Nurs Forum 32(4):799–806, Hartl K, Janni W, Kastner R, Sommer H, Strobl B, Rack B et al (2003) Impact of medical and demographic factors on long-term quality of life and body image of breast cancer patients. Article Italian Version of the Body Image Scale (Hopwood et al. Two independent extractors (KN and FJ) who identified eligible studies extracted information on each of the measurement properties defined in the COSMIN taxonomy [21]. The current study will add important information to the previous review [20], which is of high importance when considering the use of the BIS in clinical trials and practice as well as for interpretation of BIS outcomes. Clin Psychol Rev 8(1):77–100, Beck AT, Steer RA (1993) Beck Depression Inventory manual. Second, criteria for good measurement properties were applied to the results of the included studies, following the COSMIN guidelines for systematic reviews of PROMs [27, 30]. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.26632, Fingeret MC, Nipomnick S, Guindani M, Baumann D, Hanasono M, Crosby M (2014) Body image screening for cancer patients undergoing reconstructive surgery. Based on these findings, measurement error of the BIS overall was graded as indeterminate (?). Oral Oncol 49:753–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-016-3538-y, Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Stratford PW, Knol DL, Bouter LM, de Vet HC (2010) The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. Ann Behav Med 32:77–81. Int J Eat Disord 35:305–316. No conflicts of interest exist for any of the authors of this study. presenting adequate convergent validity [20]. This study was part of a larger systematic review (Prospero ID 42017057237) [22], investigating the validity of 39 PROMs measuring quality of life of cancer survivors included in an eHealth application called “Oncokompas” [23,24,25]. European Journal of Cancer, 37, 189-197). The databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were systematically searched for publications directly investigating aspects of measurement properties of the BIS. © 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Criterion validity is impossible to assess, since a “gold standard” for assessing body image is not available. Clín Salud 18(2):137–161, Annunziata MA, Giovannini L, Muzzatti B (2012) Assessing the body image: relevance, application and instruments for oncological settings. Clín Salud 8(3):403–422, Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA (1988) An inventory for measuring anxiety: psychometric properties. Disagreements regarding inclusion and exclusion were discussed until consensus was reached. 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