Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. By the end of the 7th century BC Sparta had become the most powerful city-state in the Peloponnese and was the political and military hegemon over nearly all of the Peloponnese, with the only challenge to the city being Argos, the next most powerful city-state. In c. 494 BCE Argos was defeated (but never became a member) and, according to Thucydides (History of the Peloponnesian War, 2.9), over the next 50 years or so the League’s membership spread further to include cities in Phocis and Boeotia. Kagan says that this open … The "Peloponnesian League" was not really a "league" at all. Sparta decided to go to war with Athens. Thereafter, the League declined and, with the treaties formed between Corinth, Phleious and Thebes, the Peloponnesian League was, in effect, dissolved by c. 366 BCE. Sparta’s policy of interfering in the government of League members continued with their heavy-handed treatment of both Mantinea in 385 BCE, dividing up its villages, and with war against Phleious 381-379 BCE. of city-states. This is Sparta: Fierce warriors of the ancient world - Craig Zimmer, Spartan forces under Cleomenes I attack the, A force of Athenian peltasts defeat Spartan hoplites on Sphaktria in the, Spartan soldiers return from campaigning Thrace, some as, Athenian leader Iphikrates employs peltasts to defeat Spartan hoplites at Lechaion near, The Politics of Ethnicity and the Crisis of the Peloponnesian League. Following victory in the Peloponnesian War against Athens in 404 BCE and the consequent addition of new Aegean allies, Sparta held an even tighter grip on member states and the harmosts were left in place. Known mainly for being one of the two rivals in the Peloponnesian War , against the Delian League, which was dominated by Athens. Wars among the members were possible as well, with Thucydides mentioning a battle between Mantineans and Tegeans (and their respective allies) during the Peloponnesian war. I discuss first Thucydides’ statement at 1.19.1 on oligarchies and the Peloponnesian League; then the archaic and classical Spartan treaties preserved in the literary and epigraphic record, which present problems of interpretation that must be addressed in the light of Thuc. Unlike in the Delian League where Athens compelled members to pay a tribute under any circumstances, the members of the Peloponnesian League had only to contribute militarily when required. Corinth needed to make Athenian actions seem unforgivable, and hence bring Sparta to war so that Corinth could regain its sphere of influence. When these two powers quarrelled after the peace of Nicias, it remained loyal to the Spartans. In 338 BC, the Peloponnesian League was disbanded when Philip II of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great, formed the League of Corinth after defeating Thebes and Athens, incorporating all the Peloponnesian states except Sparta. However, other poleis could hold influence comparable to Sparta herself, especially Corinth, due to its wealth and navy.[1]. Pericles issued the decree to incite war (Diod. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 09 Mar 2016. … By 433 BCE, the trade network of Athens reached from the Crimea to Egypt and as far west as Marseille. The war ended on 25 April 404 B.C. Peloponnesian War and Thucydides. Staatsrecht I 92) thought that Corinth and her allies were fighting alone until … Only in the case of a religious obligation (e.g. Cartwright, Mark. If Corinth left the Peloponnesian League, Athenian power relative to the Peloponnesian League (Pericles's primary adversary) would grow diplomatically, not merely through the alliance with Corcyra but also by dividing Sparta from Corinth, its chief and wealthiest ally and the only one with a significant navy, and, not least important, by reducing its access to northern Greece. There has never been absolute peace anywhere. The war was documented by Thucydides, an Athenian general and historian, in his work History of the Peloponnesian War. Members sent delegates to meetings where each city held one vote. During the Persian War (480-479), the Peloponnesian League was the model of the Hellenic League that fought against the invaders. under Spartan control, for prominent League members like Corinth or Thebes were not under her control. Related Content The Greeks themselves referred to the association as 'the Lakedaimonians and their allies'. The actions of Corinth and Boeotia in the Peloponnesian League can teach us about how nullification should work. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) [2] was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. build up navy) • Peloponnesian League: Sparta and allies • War/Peace o Thirty Years’ Peace: 446, 445 BCE; divides Greek world o Athens defends Corcyra against Corinth -> Corinth-Athens conflict o Potidaeans revolt against Athens with secret deal with Sparta to invade/violate peace o Megara allies with Corinth -> Athens embargo against Megara full war Gill, N.S. Sparta saw the alliance Athens had formed with Corcyra as an act of aggression against Sparta and her allies, the Peloponnesian league. The Peloponnesian … It was a conservative alliance which supported oligarchies and opposed tyrannies and democracies. In this sense, the League was no league at all as when not engaged in collective warfare city-states were even free to wage war against each other. The exact number of troops demanded from each city was decided by Sparta. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. The League was the oldest and longest-lasting political association in the ancient Greek world. Pericles, whom we read about in the last chapter, was the clear leader of Athens at this point, replacing Cimon, who had been ostracized, and later, after returning to Athens, had died fighting the … Ancient History Encyclopedia. In 435 BC, Corinth faced a revolt by its colony Corcyra (Corfu). [28] Sparta's only "alternative" was to sink into oblivion. Furthermore, most of its members were not from the Peloponnese, but rather were located outside the Peloponnese Peninsula. His special interests include pottery, architecture, world mythology and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share in common. While this is what we believe to be the correct membership, due to the time and date of the Peloponnesian League formation it’s impossible to be one hundred percent certain. The Lacedaemonians were not content with simply sending aid to Sicily; they also resolved to take the war to the Athenians. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Belligerents Sparta Peloponnesian League Athens Argos Corinth Thebes Persian Empire Other alliesCommanders and leaders Agesilaus and others Numerous The Corinthian War was an ancient Greek conflict lasting from 395 BC until 387 BC, pitting Sparta against a coalition of four allied states; Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos; which were initially backed by Persia. They were traditionally a neutral city, staying out of Greek politics, but they'd gone to war against Corinth over the fate of Epidamnus. The Delian League was successful in removing the remaining Persians from Greece and the Aegean Sea. Corinth and other members of the Peloponnesian League were unhappy about Sparta’s lack of leadership. On the other hand Kahrstedt (Gr. Despite this victory, Corcyra was very worried. The Corcyrean Conflict The Spartans then lost the even more crucial Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE against the brilliant Theban general Epaminondas. 27 Years. The Peloponnesian League (c. 550 BCE - c. 366 BCE) was a loose confederation of Greek city-states led by Sparta. Sparta at the time was the leader of an alliance of cities called the Peloponnesian League, founded to challenge Athens' growing power. The members of this league were ostensibly equal, but Sparta held all of the power, as the league was founded on the strength of Sparta’s hoplite military. In 470 BCE, the city-state of Naxos asked to be removed from the League, but Athens refused because they need the protection that Naxos could give their ships. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. Eventually, in 423 BC, Sparta summoned the members of the Peloponnesian League to air their grievances with Athens. Following the disastrous Spartan defeat by Thebes at the Battle of Leuktra in 371 BC, Elis and the Arcadian states seized the opportunity to throw off the yoke of Spartan hegemony; the Arcadians formed themselves into their own league to preserve their independence. The result of the conflict was the 'King’s Peace' where Sparta ceded its empire to Persian control but Sparta was left to dominate Greece. Cartwright, M. (2016, March 09). This caused Corinth to ask the Peloponnesian League to declare war against the Delian League, and of course the already threatened Spartans agreed, thus causing the Great Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE. Without its dominant leader the League dissolved shortly thereafter. The Peloponnesian League was an alliance of states in the Peloponnese in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. The Peloponnesian League met in 432 BC. For full treatment, see Ancient Greek civilization: The Peloponnesian War. Despite the collaborative nature of the victory, Sparta alone received the plunder taken from the defeated states and the tribute payments from the former Athenian … All alliances were made with Sparta only, so if they so wished, member states had to form separate alliances with each other. He seems to have thought that the placing of a garrison in Aegina was the first act of the League, as he says of this 'the first Peloponnesian War has begun.' This pitted the League against Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Persia from 396 to 387 BCE. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. The great Corinthian victory at … The Peloponnesian league was a coalition of the Thebes, Corinth and Sparta. The major players in the Peloponnesian League that we are aware of consisted of Sparta, Corinth, Kythira, Melos, Pylos, Mantinea, Ellis, Epidaurus, Boeotia, Lefkada and Ambracia. The ancient Greek historian Thucydides called it "a war like no other"—arguably the greatest in the history of the world up to that time. Then, coming up against a rampant Thebes and their brilliant general Epaminondas, Sparta was defeated at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE. During this conflict, Greek warfare evolved from an originally limited and formalized form of conflict, to all-out struggles between city-states, with large-scale atrocities. By the end of the 6th century, Sparta had become the most powerful state in the Peloponnese, and was the political and military hegemon over Argos, the next most powerful state. Sparta also directly interfered in the domestic affairs of member states, often promoting rule by an oligarchy favourable to Spartan policy. Quizlet flashcards, activities and … While Athens would ultimately claim victory in this battle, their aggression was enough to prompt Sparta and the Peloponnesian League to formally declare war on Athens. A brief treatment of the Peloponnesian War follows. Staatsrecht I 92) thought that Corinth and her allies were fighting alone … The Peloponnesian War began in 431 BC between the Athenian Empire (or The Delian League) and the Peloponnesian League which included Sparta and Corinth. Sparta decided to go to war with Athens. Some Athenian territory had been abandoned after the First Syracusan War. Each allied state had one vote in the Congress, regardless of that state's size or geopolitical power. However, Sparta over-reached itself in trying to crush long-time rival Thebes. Many other states in the central and provincial northern Peloponnese joined the league, which eventually included all Peloponnesian states except Argos and Achaea. During the dangerous times of the Peloponnesian War (431 BCE - 404 BCE) against Athens and its allies, though, Sparta did go so far as to impose a military governor (harmost) on its allies. The Peloponnesian War raged from 431 to 404 BCE. The Peloponnesian League was an alliance of states in the Peloponnese in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. Megara a member of the Peloponnesian League since 445 BC Megarian Decree (before 435?) While Spartan losses were minimal, Athens lost 150 ships and also 3,000 sailors who were executed. From 382 BCE League tribute was required in money, not just arms and men as Sparta became ever more ambitious. Athens was then besieged. (2020, February 11). Sparta also directly interfered in the domestic affairs of member states, often promoting rule by an oligarchy favourable to Spartan policy. The Spartan alliances are referred to as the Peloponnesian League. Sparta Insults Athens. Not being a major Mycenaean centre, Corinth lacks the mythological heritage of other Greek city-states. Reliable sources for the League’s history are scarce, but it is thought to have included Corinth, Kythira, Melos, Pylos, Mantinea, Elis, Epidaurus, Boeotia, Lefkada, Ambrakia, and … The Corinthians were also instrumental in causing the Second Peloponnesian War, when they felt their regional interests centred in Corcyra were threatened by Athens in 433 BCE. Each city-state made a bilateral alliance with Sparta, and swore to follow them. For example many people believe that Macedonia was part of the Peloponnesian League, while others refute this claim with Macedonia not being clearly on any on… Cite This Work The league was led by Sparta, the Peloponnese city-state with the most political and military clout. No tribute was paid except in times of war (mainly against the Delian league), when one third of the military of a state could be requested. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War describes the workings of the League. Page may have different licensing terms Megarian Decree Congress, regardless of that state 's size or geopolitical power published. Also directly interfered in the Congress, regardless of that state 's size or geopolitical power the size of Peloponnesian... 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