Brief History of Morocco. On September 7, with the French army only 100 km from the city, the two armies met at Borodino Field. As Catherine sailed past, she saw lively colourful villages – in reality nothing more than theatrical sets. A shaky coalition of political parties was formed, declaring itself the Provisional Government. But none could imagine that before going to battle they would march on Red Square in front of Joseph Stalin and top Communist Party officials. The dependence of Russia from the khans of the Golden Horde was expressed in the heavy tribute which the Russian people were forced to give the invaders. The territory occupied by Mongolian tribes, stretched from lake Baikal, the upper reaches of Yenisei River and Irtysh River in the north down to the southern regions of the Gobi Desert. Boris Yeltsin was born on February 1, 1931 near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg). In the 18th century Russian Tea Cakes began appearing in Russia where they were used as a delicious confection that was used during tea-sharing ceremonies. Moscow took over the organization of a nationwide struggle to overthrow the yoke of the Golden Horde. But transition to a consumer based economy was painful. The Cold War put a huge strain on the economy, political freedoms were further restricted and another wave of purges was carried out. After the Soviet Union ceased to exist in 1992, a phase of self-formation occurred in republics of the former Soviet Union and the largest one, the Russian Federation, which was the basis of both the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, have embarked upon the construction of a market economy. The original name was seen as too German; Petrograd was chosen as a more Russian-sounding and patriotic one. Joseph Stalin emerged victorious and went on to rule the Soviet Union for a quarter of a century, becoming one of the most powerful and murderous dictators in history. In 1954, the USSR’s bid to join NATO was rejected. The opposition formed several competing parties. Three decades later, Mikhail Gorbachev made it to the top as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The traditional start-date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in 862 ruled by Vikings. The architect of modern Russia, he’s praised for leading the country onto the path to democracy and opening it to the world. And although the name stayed, “the Great October Socialist Revolution” continued to be celebrated on the 7th of November. Out of office, Mikhail Gorbachev remained driven by work. A popular expression meaning “hoax” has also come to us because of Catherine. Then, in August 1999, Putin was named prime minister, Yeltsin’s fifth in 17 months. The outbreak of the Second World War found the Soviet Union unprepared for the conflict ahead. In his final years, Lenin worried about the increasing power of Stalin – misgivings Stalin made sure were never made public. Towards the end of the century the ancient state of the Slavs faced with the north expansion of the Khazar Khanate and the imposition of tribute on the Slavic tribes of Polyants, Severian, Vyatichi, and Radimichi. Gorbachev was put under house arrest for three days. Four years later he suffered a stroke from which he never fully recovered. That was at home. It is noticeable in the late 17th and early 18th Centuries the formation of the "Moscow Baroque" style, as well as the development of Church architecture. Urged to emulate his heroic example, plants and factories competed fiercely to outdo each other, while the man himself even appeared on the cover of Time magazine. In 1703 Peter started his most dramatic project – a brand new capital to be built from scratch on the Gulf of Finland. Now settled in Switzerland, Germany helped the young firebrand to return to his native land, hoping he’d undermine the Russian war effort. Mexico: Brief History. The parade had a tremendous impact on morale in Moscow and throughout the Soviet Union, becoming the turning point of the war. Peter became Russia’s de facto ruler in 1696 after a fierce power struggle with his elder sister Sophia. The Russia Times - We aspire through our work to improve U.S.-Russia relations and to promote Russian business and technological development. Nikita’s tales of Kiev’s wealth and splendor impressed the tribe’s chief so much, he hooked Nikita by the tongue to his horse’s tail and went to wage war against Kiev. He toiled in construction and worked through the party ranks, but it wasn’t until Gorbachev’s rise to power that he’s got his career break. Using different aliases in his writings, he finally settled on Lenin in 1901. His relatives later suggested the name was inspired by the river Lena in Siberia. Their state, the Empire of the Golden Horde, ruled over Russian lands for almost three centuries. Early Moscow. Regarded as intelligent and cunning, but lacking education, he regularly humiliated Soviet political elites with his gaffes. He died in 1971. Years of neglect, both on the farms and in the factories, led to shortages of food and consumer goods. Nowadays, pronounced with a good deal of irony, the aphorism means you want to do things differently from your colleagues and predecessors to get better results. As one of the founding states of the Soviet Union, Ukraine had been an important contributor to the Soviet Union's economy between 1920–1991. Donskoy became a popular hero and the words “the slaughter of Mamai” now mean a carnage or terrible defeat. One arms control treaty followed another. He crushed a Chechen rebel attack in the republic of Dagestan, forging his public image as a tough leader. The KGB’s history ended on April 3, 1995 when President Boris Yeltsin replaced it with the FSB («ФСБ») – the Federal Security Service. Leon Trotsky, one of his key opponents, who saw himself as Lenin’s heir apparent, was thrown out of the Communist Party and exiled. In the end the Northern war, Russia took a firm position of the great European powers. Instead, he led the Poles deep into the marshy woods and perished together with the soldiers. He then moved to St Petersburg, becoming a professional revolutionary and spent several years in exile in Siberia. The Tsar became a target of numerous murder plots. The 2008 poll had the lowest number of candidates for a presidential election in modern Russian history. Expelled from university for his radical ideas, Lenin completed his law degree as an external student. Unlike most Soviet leaders, laid to rest by the Kremlin wall, Russia’s first President was buried at Moscow’s Novodevichy cemetery, a resting place of many artists, scientists and politicians. Bureaucracy, threatened by Khrushchev’s reforms, flourished. In 1914, the First World War brought another crisis. Salaries weren’t paid and many pensioners were reduced to begging after their lifelong savings were wiped out. A bitter civil war broke out. A popular legend has it that the work was done by two architects – Postnik and Barma (although some say it was one and the same person). Required to step down by the constitution, Putin proved he is far from done yet. He shelled his way out of the conflict but the tanks were needed again a year later when the southern republic of Chechnya wanted to break away. Exhausted people collapsed and died. Although not one of the key players in the October Revolution, he quickly rose through the ranks, outmanoeuvring his rivals step by step. 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